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  • Štruktúra pôdy
    crop soil texture
    Light to medium-heavy, sieveable soils
  • Min. teplota
    crop temperature icon
    Growth from 8°C
  • pH
    Škrobové zemiaky crop pH value
    Tolerant of slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils: pH optimal: 5.5-7.5
  • Dažďové zrážky
    Škrobové zemiaky crop rainfall value
    Min. 160l/m2
  • Jarovizácia
    Škrobové zemiaky crop vernalisation
    3-4 weeks at 8-12°C aeration
  • Hustota rastlín
    crop density
    Depending on date and variety 3-4 tubers/m²
  • Hlĺbka sejby
    crop seeding depth
    10-12 cm
Starch potato
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the nightshade family. Potatoes are exceptionally well adapted to our temperate climate. The cultivars do not tolerate frost and the water demand is relatively high, which is reflected in the harvest quantities depending on the distribution of precipitation. With sufficient rainfall (>160l/m²) [6.3 inches] and good distribution in the months from May to August, yields of up to 50t/ha (approx. 20t/acre) can be expected.
Kľúčové fakty
  • Healthy seed potatoes and loose soil
  • Sufficient potassium and phosphorus supply in autumn and early in the spring
  • Suitable nitrogen fertilizer before forming ridges
  • Observe chloride sensitivity: potash fertilization in autumn or low chloride NPKs in spring.
Všeobecné informácie
Všeobecné informácie
Potreba živín
Potreba živín
Hnojenie
Hnojenie
FOR POTATOES A STABLE WATER SUPPLY IS CRUCIAL
Potatoes do not prefer a special soil type. They thrive on both sandy and heavy soils. Therefore, the best locations to plant potatoes are in humuic and loose soils with sufficient water retention capacity. Depending on variety and use (starch, table and seed potatoes), this crop is very adaptable. As they are planted early in the year and the soil should be as dry as possible, the ideal time for growing potatoes is between the end of March and mid-April. The seedbed should be finely crumbly and dry to a depth of 10-15cm. The ideal plant density at 75cm row width and 40-44cm placement distance in the row is 30,000-33,000 plants/ha(12,150-13,360 plants/acre).
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Optimal nutrient supply for starch potatoes
Nitrogen fertilization is mainly responsible for the yield and also has the strongest influence on the quality of the potatoes. High nitrogen supply particularly promotes tuber growth. The amount of nitrogen fertilizers used should be therefore geared towards starch yield. The first dose of nitrogen should be applied before forming of the ridges, allowing a good incorporation into the soil. Potatoes need nitrogen very early to build up leafage. Approximately 90% of absorbed nitrogen is needed before flowering. Late application of nitrogen or too late efficacy quickly leads to a decrease in starch content. After nitrogen, potassium is the nutrient with the highest effect on the yield. Starch content in tubers is directly influenced by potassium fertilization. In addition to the amount of nutrients, the form of the fertilizer plays an important role. Potatoes are chloride-sensitive plants. Chloride prevents starch in the leaves from shifting to the tubers. The mixture of sulphate potash and chloride potash found in NPK fertilizer is ideal here. Only chloride-containing potassium fertilizers used in spring reduce starch content even when little of them is applied. Phosphorus in potatoes is an essential element in both tuber formation and secondary growth of the tubers. As an energy source, phosphorus promotes starch formation and its transport into the tubers. After flowering, potatoes require a considerable amount of magnesium. Foliar fertilizers (L.A.T SUPREMO products) can compensate for lack of magnesium when steps are taken to protect the plants. The amount of nutrients applied depends on the amount to be extracted.
Extraction quantities for potatoes

Element

Príjem

Jednoka/t produkcie

Odstránenie

Jednoka/t produkcie

Citlivosť na nedostatok

N

4.4

2.8

Veľmi citlivý

P2O5

1.1

0.9

Veľmi citlivý

K2O

5.9

3.9

Veľmi citlivý

MgO

0.5

0.3

Veľmi citlivý

SO3

0.7

0.4

Citlivý

TE

Up to 500g/ha (approx. 8oz/acre) manganese (Mn) where required

Table shows uptake and extraction per tonne of starch potato yield. A potato yield of 50t/ha takes up 220kg N/ha. If a certain quantity of nitrogen is supplied from the soil (e.g. 50kg N/ha) and the N-supply from a leguminous intermediate crop (e.g. 30kg N/ha) were added, 140kg N/ha fertilizer would still need to be applied. Over the harvest an amount of 140kg N/ha would be removed from the field.
Like all root crops, potatoes react very intensively to phosphorus and potash fertilization. As a rule, the basic fertilization is done before the potatoes are planted. An application before the formation of the ridges also supports homogeneous mixing with the soil and promotes rapid absorption through the root. Starch potato yield parameters: • Starch content for potatoes • harvest in t/hectare.
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First application

First application image

Second application

Second application image

First application

Basic fertilization prior to planting A large part of fertilizer is spread before potatoes are planted. NPK fertilizer is best, considering total phosphorus and potassium and much of the nitrogen (do not use chloride-containing K-forms). Nitrogen can be ammonium-enriched, via nitrogen-sulphur forms, and added as urea, where 100-120kg/ha of nitrogen would be adequate.

Second application

Starch potatoes need a sufficient supply of nitrogen Two to four weeks after planting or at the latest up to the 4-8 leaf stage, a second fertilization with pure nitrogen is applied to starch potatoes since the need for leaf growth is considerably higher than with table potatoes. Tailoring to the first application, 50-70kg N/ha should be applied at the second fertilization and it must be rapidly effective (nitrate nitrogen, NAC 27 N). Any late efficacy will reduce starch content!